Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences Proceedings of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences Известия Коми научного центра УрО РАН 1994-5655 106041 10.19110/1994-5655-2025-7-35-49 Научные статьи Science articles Научные статьи Sperm DNA fragmentation in mammals: etiology, detection, fertility assessment under radiation exposure Фрагментация ДНК сперматозоидов у млекопитающих: причины, методы детекции, диагностика фертильности в условиях радиационного воздействия Старобор Н. Н. Starobor N. N. starobor@ib.komisc.ru Раскоша О. В. Raskosha O. V. raskosha@ib.komisc.ru Институт биологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН Сыктывкар Россия Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Syktyvkar Russian Federation Институт биологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН Сыктывкар Россия Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Syktyvkar Russian Federation 11 11 2025 11 11 2025 7 35 49 04 09 2025 19 09 2025 https://komisc.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/106041/view

Факторы окружающей среды, в том числе радиационной природы, могут оказывать неблагоприятное воздействие на мужское репродуктивное здоровье, поэтому необходимо своевременно оценивать состояние мужских половых клеток. В настоящее время существует настоятельная необходимость в поиске адекватных показателей и методов для оценки качества мужских гамет. Одним из таких надежных показателей мужской фертильности и качества спермы, который отражает целостность генетического материала, является уровень фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов. В статье с использованием данных литературы рассмотрены причины, последствия и возможные механизмы, приводящие к фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов у млекопитающих, а также проанализированы основные методы их детекции. Показана диагностическая значимость определения нарушений структуры хроматина при анализе мужского бесплодия и приведены результаты, полученные авторами, которые свидетельствуют о высокой чувствительности SCD-теста (анализ дисперсии хроматина сперматозоидов) при изучении фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов у полевок-экономок (Alexandromys oeconomus Pall.) в условиях хронического воздействия ионизирующего излучения (доза 40 сГр). Таким образом, данные литературы и полученные нами результаты показали, что уровень фрагментации ДНК сперматозоидов является надежным биомаркером мужской фертильности, а SCD-тест может быть рекомендован в качестве чувствительного метода для оценки состояние мужских половых клеток в радиобиологических исследованиях.

Environmental factors, including radiation-related factors, can adversely affect the male reproductive health, so it is necessary to promptly assess the condition of male germ cells. Currently, there is an urgent need to identify adequate indicators and methods for assessing the quality of male gametes. One such reliable indicator of male fertility and sperm quality, which reflects the integrity of the genetic material, is the level of sperm DNA fragmentation. This article, using literature data, reviews the causes, consequences, and potential mechanisms leading to sperm DNA fragmentation in mammals, as well as analyses the main methods for its detection. The diagnostic significance of assessing chromatin structure abnormalities in the analysis of male infertility is demonstrated. The authors present results indicating the high sensitivity of the SCD test (Sperm Chromatin Dispersion test) in evaluating sperm DNA fragmentation in tundra voles (Alexandromys oeconomus Pall.) under conditions of chronic exposure to ionizing radiation (a dose of 40 cGy). Thus, both the literature data and our own findings have demonstrated that sperm DNA fragmentation levels are a reliable biomarker of male fertility. Furthermore, the Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) test can be recommended as a sensitive method for assessing the condition of male germ cells in radiobiological research.

 сперматозоиды фрагментация ДНК методы детекции SCD-тест полевки-экономки ионизирующее излучение spermatozoa DNA fragmentation detection methods SCD test tundra voles ionising radiation Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания Института биологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН по теме «Формирование ответных реакций на действие малых доз ионизирующего излучения и механизмы трансформации форм нахождения радионуклидов в биосистемах», номер государственной регистрации 125020501526-3. В исследовании использованы полевки из Научной коллекции экспериментальных животных Института биологии ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН (http://www.ckp-rf.ru/usu/471933/). The work was performed within the framework of the state task of the Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the topic “Formirovanie otvetnyh reakcij na dejstvie malyh doz ioniziruyushchego izlucheniya i mekhanizmy transformacii form nahozhdeniya radionuklidov v biosistemah [Formation of response reactions to low doses of ionising radiation and transformation mechanisms of radionuclide forms in biosystems]”, state registration number 125020501526-3. This study was done using tundra voles from the Scientific Collection of Experimental Animals at the Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (http://www.ckp-rf.ru/usu/471933/).

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