Russian Federation
UDC 664.7
The resistance to phosphine demonstrated by major grain pests is a critical challenge for grain protection. This paper includes the results of an experimental evaluation of combined control methods over a resistant field population of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae in the Rostov Region (R≈2.5). Systematic investigation covered the following approaches as standard phosphine fumigation; phosphine with pyrethroid insecticide; cooling followed by fumigation; vacuum plus phosphine; complete combined treatment. By the obtained results, standard fumigation was an inefficient measure (40 % mortality) but combined approaches assured 92–99.5 % mortality with varying exposure time (24–96 hours). Vacuum plus phosphine showed optimal balance between speed (24 hours) and efficacy (95 % mortality). Practical recommendations developed for different farms included regular monitoring of phosphine sensitivity, rotation of treatment methods and application of specific combined schemes in case of resistant populations. The study confirmed the possibility of overcoming phenotypic resistance without increasing phosphine doses, thereby reducing selection pressure and extending the efficiency of this critical fumigant in Russia.
combined control methods, phosphine, insecticide resistance, vacuum fumigation, cooling, pyrethroids, Sitophilus oryzae, grain fumigation, resistance management
1. Rezistentnost k fosfinu vyyavlena u chetyrekh osnovnykh nasekomykh vreditelei khranimogo zerna [Phosphine resistance identified in four main stored grain insect pests] // Fumigaciya zerna bez peresypaniya [Grain fumigation without rehandling]: website of OOO NPF “Scarabaeus”. – URL: https://www.fumigaciya.ru/node/1395 (date of access: 22.01.2026).
2. Zakladnoy, G. A. Pervoe obnaruzhenie rezistentnosti prirodnoy populyacii risovogo dolgonosika Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae) k fosfinu v Rossii [First detection of phosphine resistance in a field population of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera, Dryophthoridae) in Russia] / G. A. Zakladnoy // Entomologicheskoe obozrenie [Entomological Review]. – 2020. – Vol. 99. – № 3. – P. 535–539. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S036714452003003X; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/EUBAIB
3. Hagstrum, D. W. Stored-product insect taxonomy and management: Current status and future directions / D. W. Hagstrum, B. Subramanyam, S. Deshwal // Journal of Stored Products Research. – 2020. – Vol. 89. – P. 101713. – URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022474X20304975 (date of access: 07.10.2025).
4. Requirements for the use of fumigation as a phytosanitary measure: electronic resource / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. – Rome: FAO, 2019. – 35 p. – URL: https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/df66b381-08ca-4ded-869d-26d82dcc6233/ (date of access: 09.10.2025).
