Russian Federation
Russia has a large amount of cultivated acreage for grain crops, the main of which is wheat. Grain is an annually renewable resource. Grain yield is a production intensity indicator that characterises the utilisation degree of the agroclimatic potential of the territory and the achieved technical level of production. Grain mass at all stages of its movement behaves like a living system in a “mobile” state. It has strong rules of processing, storage and needs systematic control. Control measures are especially important to identify and stop one of the most dangerous wheat diseases found in our country, i.e. smut. The main smut diseases affecting wheat in Russia are the stinking smut Tilletia levis, T. caries and the loose smut Ustiliago tritici. The state control is to examine the wheat producers whether they satisfy the requirements on quality and safety of grain. The quality and safety of wheat exported from Russia should meet the requirements of the grain-importing countries. The main requirements for the quality and safety of wheat are put forward by such major grain importers as Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Algeria and others. To prevent the smut disease of grain, the specialists use a chemical control method, particularly certain types of fungicides.
wheat, smut diseases, fungicides, state control, grain quality and safety, chemical control method
1. Mery borby s poteryami zerna pri zagotovkah, posleuborochnoj obrabotke i hranenii na elevatorah i hlebopriyomnyh predpriyatiyah [Measures to combat grain losses during harvesting, post-harvest processing and storage at grain elevators and grain receiving plants] / V. B. Feidengold, L. V. Alekseeva, G. D. Mortgage [et al.]. – Moscow: DeLi print, 2007. – 297 p. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/UZIKGZ
2. Obzor fitosanitarnogo sostoyaniya posevov selskohozyajstvennyh kultur Rossijskoj Federacii v 2023 godu i prognoz razvitiya vrednyh obyektov v 2024 godu [Review of the phytosanitary status of agricultural crops in the Russian Federation for 2023 and forecast of the development of harmful objects for 2024] / ed. D. N. Govorov, A. V. Zhivykh. – Informatsionnyi listok Rosselkhoztsentra [Information Sheet of the Russian Agricultural Centre]. – № 6. – 2024. – 1281 p.
3. Kosogorova, E. A. Zashchita polevyh i ovoshchnyh kultur ot boleznej [Protection of field and vegetable crops from diseases] / E. A. Kosogorova. – Tyumen: Tyumen State University Publishing House, 2002. – 241 p.
4. https://stats-group.com/vrednye-obekty/bolezni/golovnya/ Golovnya – bolezn zernovykh kultur [Smut is a grain crops disease].
5. https://www.syngenta.ru/crops/crop-cereals/20230816-dusty-smut-what-is-dangerous-and-how-to-prevent. Pylnaya golovnya: chem opasna i kak predotvratit [Loose smut: what is dangerous and how to prevent it].
6. The State Catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation (on March 31, 2025). – Moscow, 2025. – 1363 p.
7. Harmful organisms of quarantine importance for Europe. Information data on quarantine pests for the European Union and the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). Prepared by the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau International (CABI) and EPPO for the European Union. – Moscow: Kolos, 1996. – P. 584–592.
8. Mirenkov, Yu. A. Himicheskie sredstva zashchity rastenij [Chemical plant protection products] / Yu. A. Mirenkov, P. A. Saskevich, S. V. Soroka. – Nesvizh: Nesvizh Enlarged Printing House named after S. Budennyi, 2011. – P. 85–89. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YRAGOX
9. Popov, S. Ya. Osnovy himicheskoj zashchity rastenij [Fundamentals of chemical plant protection] / S. Ya. Popov, L. A. Dorozhkina, V. A. Kalinin. – Moscow, 2003. – P. 96–107. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/QKWCWR
